Page 112 - Microsoft Word - FINAL COPY - A Legal Guide to Investing in Iraq _12-7-2015_ _6_.docx

Under Iraqi Civil Law, Force Majeure is a
legal concept, not a contractual one. In
other words, the parties cannot agree to a
Force Majeure clause that contradicts Article
146 of the Civil Law, otherwise, the Force
Majeure clause would be unenforceable and
void.
When an Iraqi court concludes that there has
been an incidence of Force Majeure, the
court will try to balance the interests of both
parties; Iraqi courts have discretionary
power to determine how to balance the
parties’ interests. Finally, the remedies for
Force Majeure may include reducing the
obligations of the non-performing party or
extending the time period for carrying out its
obligations. Compensation for the investor’s
losses is not permissible under Article 146
unless otherwise agreed by the two parties.
A Force Majeure event generally does NOT
include the following:
• General changes in market conditions;
• Delay/non-performance by any
contractor or sub-contractor;
• Normal wear and tear or breakdown of
material and/or equipment; and
• Strikes or other work stoppages specific
to the Project.
Points of negotiation between parties can
include:
• Scope of definitions and exclusions;
• Notices and procedures;
• Mitigation requirements; and
• Remedies for prolonged Force Majeure
Events (e.g., termination).
SECTION 20. CHANGE IN THE LAW
A change in the Investment Law provisions
does not impact the guarantees and
108
‫ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻘﺎھﺮة ھﻰ ﻣﻔﮭﻮم‬،‫ﺑﻤﻮﺟﺐ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻲ‬
‫ ﻻ ﯾﺠﻮز أن‬،‫ وﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ آﺧﺮ‬.ً‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ وﻟﯿﺲ ﻣﻔﮭﻮﻣﺎً ﺗﻌﺎﻗﺪﯾﺎ‬
‫ﯾﺘﻔﻖ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺺ ﻗﻮة ﻗﺎھﺮة ﯾﺘﻌﺎرض ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
‫ وإﻻ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻨﺺ اﻟﺨﺎص‬،‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻲ‬146
.ً‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻘﺎھﺮة ﺑﺎطﻼ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻋﺮاﻗﯿﺔ ﺑﺤﺪوث اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻘﺎھﺮة ﻓﺎﻧﮭﺎ‬
‫ ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻢ‬.‫ﺗﺤﺎول اﻟﻤﻮازﻧﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻛﻼ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﯿﺔ ﻟﮭﺎ ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮﯾﺔ ﺗﻘﺮر ﺑﻤﻘﺘﻀﺎھﺎ ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬
‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬،ً‫ وأﺧﯿﺮا‬.‫اﻟﻤﻮازﻧﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻘﺎھﺮة ﺗﺨﻔﯿﻒ إﻟﺘﺰاﻣﺎت اﻟﻄﺮف اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ أو ﻣﺪ‬
‫ واﻟﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﻋﻦ ﺧﺴﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ ﻏﯿﺮ‬.‫ﻓﺘﺮة ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ اﻹﻟﺘﺰام‬
‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﻔﻖ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﯿﺮ‬،146 ‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﺑﻤﻮﺟﺐ اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
.‫ذﻟﻚ‬
:‫ﻻ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻘﺎھﺮة ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‬
.‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﺣﻮال اﻟﺴﻮق‬ •
.‫ﻋﺪم اﻷداء ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﻘﺎول أو ﻣﻘﺎول ﺛﺎﻧﻮي‬/‫اﻟﺘﺄﺧﯿﺮ‬ •
•
.‫أو اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬/‫اﻹﺳﺘﮭﻼك أو اﻷﻋﻄﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮاد و‬ •
‫اﻹﺿﺮاﺑﺎت أو أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
:‫ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﻔﺎوض ﺑﯿﻦ اﻷطﺮاف ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬
.‫ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ واﻟﺤﺼﺮ‬ •
.‫اﻟﺘﺒﻠﯿﻎ واﻹﺟﺮاءات‬ •
.‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺨﻔﯿﻒ‬ •
•
ً‫وﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﺛﺎر اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻘﺎھﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪوم طﻮﯾﻼ‬
.(‫ اﻻﻧﮭﺎء‬،‫)ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬.20 ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻮص أﺣﻜﺎم ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر ﻻ‬
‫ﯾﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﻧﺎت واﻟﺤﻮاﻓﺰ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺤﮭﺎ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر‬