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Note: Lenders generally do not accept ‫ اﻟﻤﻘﺮﺿﻮن ﻋﺎدة ﻻ ﯾﻘﺒﻠﻮن إﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﻘﺒﻮل اﻟﺘﻲ‬:‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬
consent agreements governed by the laws of ‫ﺗﺨﻀﻊ ﻟﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﯿﻔﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ دواﻋﻲ اﻟﻘﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ‬
the host country due to concerns of ‫ وﻻﺳﯿﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺰاﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﮭﺎت‬،‫اﻟﺤﯿﺎد‬
neutrality, especially with disputes that
involve governmental entities. .‫اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿﺔ‬

SECTION 26. CHOICE OF LAW AND ‫ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن وﺣﻞ اﻟﻨﺰاع‬.26 ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
DISPUTE RESOLUTION
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻲ ھﻰ أن اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬
Under the Iraqi legal system, the general rule ‫ اﻻ إذا اﺗﻔﻖ‬،‫اﻟﺬي ﯾﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ھﻮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺤﻞ اﺑﺮام اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬
is that the law governing the contract is the ‫ وﯾﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﻤﯿﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺬي ﯾﺴﺮي‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼف ذﻟﻚ‬
one in place on the date the contract is ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ وﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺬي ﯾﻄﺒﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻠﺠﻮء إﻟﻰ‬
signed, unless otherwise agreed upon. A
distinction must be made between the law .‫ أي اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺬي ﯾﺤﻜﻢ إﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺘﺤﻜﯿﻢ‬،‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﯿﻢ‬
that is in effect over the contract and the law
applied in the event of arbitration, i.e., the ‫ﺣﻞ اﻟﻨﺰاع ﯾﻘﺪم ﻟﻸطﺮاف وﺳﯿﻠﺔ ﺑﺪﯾﻠﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻢ‬
law governing arbitration procedures. ‫ وﺗﺸﻤﻞ ھﺬه اﻵﻟﯿﺎت‬.‫اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﺤﻞ ﻧﺰاع ﻧﺸﺄ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬
‫ وﯾﻔ ّﻀﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮون ھﺬه اﻟﻮﺳﯿﻠﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻮﺳﺎطﺔ واﻟﺘﺤﻜﯿﻢ‬
Dispute resolution provides the parties an
alternative forum to the local court system ‫ﻟﺤﯿﺎدھﺎ ووﺿﻮﺣﮭﺎ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ وﻛﻔﺎءﺗﮭﺎ‬
for resolving disputes that arise from the
contract. Such mechanisms include ‫اﻟﻨﺼﻮص اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻟﺸﺮط اﻟﺘﺤﻜﯿﻢ ھﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺼﻮص‬
mediation and arbitration. Investors prefer ‫اﻟﺠﻮھﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﯿﺎﻏﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﺬل‬
this forum for neutrality, legal certainty, and ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﻐﻄﯿﺔ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﺟﻮاﻧﺒﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ آﻟﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﯿﻢ‬
efficiency.
.‫وﺷﺮوطﮫ واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﺘﺤﻜﯿﻢ‬
Provisions on the requirements of arbitration
are among the fundamental provisions that ‫ اﻟﺘﻨﺎزل ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺼﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬.29 ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
require drafters to make the utmost effort to
cover all of the relevant aspects, in terms of ‫ﯾﺘﻨﺎزل اﻟﻄﺮف اﻷول ﻋﻦ أي ﺣﻖ ﻟﺪﯾﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺼﺎﻧﺔ‬
the mechanism and conditions for ‫ وﯾﻤﻨﺢ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ﻣﻦ أي إﺟﺮاءات ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﺗُﺮﻓﻊ ﺿﺪه‬
arbitration, the law that must be applied and ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺄن ﻟﮭﻢ اﻟﺤﻖ ﺑﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﺎﺗﮭﻢ‬
the arbitration location. ً‫ وﯾُﻌﺘﺒﺮ ذﻟﻚ إﺟﺮاءاً ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺎ‬.‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﺿﺪ أي ﺟﮭﺔ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﯿﺔ‬

SECTION 29. JUDICIAL IMMUNITY .‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﯾﺎً ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪات اﻟﺪوﻟﯿﺔ وﯾﺠﯿﺰه اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻲ‬
WAIVER

The First Party waives any right it might
have to claim immunity from any legal
proceedings brought against it. This provides
investors with assurance that they can
legally claim their rights against any
government entity. This is standard legal
practice in international contracts and is
permissible under Iraqi Law.

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