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Good Faith: An abstract and comprehensive ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﻧﻈﺮي وﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﯾﺸﻤﻞ اﻹﻓﺘﺮاض اﻟﻌﺎم:ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﻨﯿﺔ
term that encompasses a general ﺑﺄن طﺮﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺳﻮف ﯾﺘﻌﺎﻣﻼن ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ
presumption that the parties to a contract ﺑﺈﺧﻼص وﺑﺪون ﺿﻐﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻺﺣﺘﯿﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ
will deal with each other fairly and with a ، وﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﯾُﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ طﺮﻓﻲ اﻹﺗﻔﺎق ﻓﮭﻢ ھﺬا.اﻟﻄﺮف اﻵﺧﺮ
sincerity of intention, motive and belief and ﻓﺈن اﻟﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﻮد اﻟﻌﻘﺪ او اﻻﺗﻔﺎق ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ إﺟﺮاءا
without any malice or intent to defraud the وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﮭﻮم ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً أن ھﺬا اﻹﺻﻄﻼح ﯾﻔﺮض.ﺳﻠﯿﻤﺎ
other party. While the parties to an
agreement are expected to understand this, it ."إﻟﺘﺰاﻣﺎً أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ "أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﺠﮭﻮد
is nonetheless good practice to include such
language in the agreement. It is generally ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﯾُﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪى أھﻤﯿﺔ أو:ﻣﺎدﯾﺔ/ﻣﺎدي
understood to impose a lower obligation ﺿﺮورة اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع أو اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺮوﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻄﺮف
than “best efforts.” وﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ذات طﺒﯿﻌﺔ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع أو،ﻣﺎ
Material/Materiality: A standard which is .اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ذات ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪرة اﻟﻄﺮف ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﻊ اﻟﻘﺮار
used in judging how significant or essential
the issue or matter at hand is to a party and if ﺗﺸﯿﺮ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ إﺧﺘﺒﺎراً ﻟﻤﺎ:اﻟﻤﻌﻘﻮﻟﯿﺔ
it is of such a nature that knowledge of the ﺳﯿﺒﺬﻟﮫ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻌﻘﻮل ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻈﺮوف وﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ
issue or matter would affect a party’s
decision-making. .ﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﯾﺒﺬﻟﮫ اﻟﻄﺮف اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ
Reasonableness: Refers to a standard that ھﺬا اﻹﺻﻄﻼح ﯾﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﺠﮭﻮد اﻟﻤﻌﻘﻮﻟﺔ:اﻟﺠﮭﻮد اﻟﻤﻌﻘﻮﻟﺔ
involves a subjective test of what a .اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﺒﺬﻟﮭﺎ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻋﺎدي ﻣﻌﻘﻮل ﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ إﻟﺘﺰام
reasonable person in the same circumstances وﺗُﻘﺎس اﻟﺠﮭﻮد اﻟﻤﻌﻘﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﮭﻮد اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺒﺬﻟﮭﺎ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻌﻘﻮل
and of the same nature as the acting party ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻈﺮوف وﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ ﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﯾﺒﺬﻟﮫ اﻟﻄﺮف
would take. وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﮭﻮم ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً أن ھﺬا اﻹﺻﻄﻼح ﯾﻔﺮض.اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ
Reasonable Efforts: This term means ."إﻟﺘﺰاﻣﺎً أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ "أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﺠﮭﻮد
reasonable efforts that an average,
reasonable person would take to carry out an
obligation. Reasonable efforts are measured
by the measures that a reasonable person in
the same circumstances and of the same
nature as the acting party would take. It is
generally understood to impose a lower
obligation than “best efforts.”
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