Page 14 - Microsoft Word - FINAL COPY - A Legal Guide to Investing in Iraq _12-7-2015_ _6_.docx

It is noteworthy that the National Investment
Law does outline the procedures for redress
that investors can seek should a license not
be initially granted or is subsequently
revoked. If a request submitted to the PIC in
a province is denied, the investor can ask that
the Chairman of the PIC reconsider the
decision; and in the event this request is
denied, the investor may appeal to the NIC.
If the request submitted to the NIC is denied,
the investor can ask that the NIC reconsider
the request, and the NIC’s decision is subject
to appeal by the Council of Ministers.
In the event of a disagreement between the
NIC decision and a sectorial authority
“regarding granting a license by other than
the region’s [PICs], the dispute shall be
brought before the Prime Minister for a
decision.”
In terms of litigating a contractual dispute in
Iraq, the investor may appeal a decision of
the NIC, such as for refusing to issue, or
revoking, an investment license or for any
other decision that is beyond the scope of the
administrative decision-making authority of
the NIC, by filing a lawsuit in the Iraqi Civil
Court or an Administrative Court. There are
three levels of Civil Courts in Iraq: the Court
of First Instance; the Court of Appeals; and
the Court of Cassation. A plaintiff or their
legal counsel may take legal action in Iraqi
courts. Please note, however, that legal
counsel must be an active member of the
Iraqi Bar Association to litigate in those
courts.
The Importance of the Private Sector and
the Iraqi Investment Law
Historically, the public sector has played a
central role in overseeing the development of
the Iraqi national economy. From 1958 to
2003, there was an unbalanced dependency
on the State budget, which relied almost
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‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ أن ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺪد‬
‫إﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺘﻈﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ أن ﯾﻠﺠﺄ إﻟﯿﮭﺎ إذا ﻟﻢ‬
‫ ﻓﺈذا‬. ‫ﺗُﻤﻨﺢ اﻹﺟﺎزة ﺑﺪ ًء أو إذا أﻟﻐﯿﺖ ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ ﻻﺣﻖ‬
‫رﻓﺾ اﻟﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﺪم إﻟﻰ ھﯿﺌﺔ اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ‬
‫ ﯾﺠﻮز ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ أن ﯾﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ رﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔ‬،‫ﻣﻌﻨﯿﺔ‬
‫ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل رﻓﺾ طﻠﺒﮫ‬،‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﺔ إﻋﺎدة اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮار‬
‫ وﻓﻲ‬.‫ﯾﺠﻮز ﻟﮫ اﻹﻋﺘﺮاض ﻟﺪى اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﻮطﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﻺﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر‬
،‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ رﻓﺾ اﻟﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﺪم إﻟﻰ اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﻮطﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﻺﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر‬
‫ﻓﻠﺼﺎﺣﺒﮫ أن ﯾﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔ إﻋﺎدة اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﯿﮫ وﯾﻜﻮن‬
.‫ﻗﺮارھﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻼً ﻟﻺﻋﺘﺮاض ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻟﺪى ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﻮزراء‬
‫أﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺨﻼف ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﺮار اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﻮطﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﻺﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر‬
‫واﻟﺠﮭﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى "ذات اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺢ إﺟﺎزة‬
‫اﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر ﻏﯿﺮ ھﯿﺌﺎت اﻻﻗﺎﻟﯿﻢ ﯾﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﺨﻼف إﻟﻰ رﺋﯿﺲ‬
".‫اﻟﻮزراء ﻟﻠﺒﺖ ﻓﯿﮫ‬
‫وﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺰاع ﺗﻌﺎﻗﺪي ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق ﻓﯿﺠﻮز‬
،‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ أن ﯾﻄﻌﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺮار اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﻮطﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﻺﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر‬
‫ﺳﻮاء ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻌﺪم ﻣﻨﺤﮫ إﺟﺎزة إﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر أو ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺤﺐ ھﺬه اﻹﺟﺎزة أو ﻟﺴﺒﺐ آﺧﺮ ﺧﺎرج ﻋﻦ ﻧﻄﺎق‬
‫ وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل‬،‫اﻟﻘﺮارات اﻹدارﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺼﺪرھﺎ اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔ‬
‫رﻓﻊ دﻋﻮى أﻣﺎم اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻢ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﯿﺔ أو أﻣﺎم ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ وﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻢ‬.‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎء اﻹداري‬
،‫ وﻣﺤﺎﻛﻢ اﻹﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎف‬،‫ ﻣﺤﺎﻛﻢ اﻟﺒﺪاءة‬:‫اﻟﻤﺪﻧﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق‬
‫ ﺣﯿﺚ أن ﻟﻠﻤﺪﻋﻲ أو ﻣﻦ ﯾﻤﺜﻠﮫ ﻣﻦ‬،‫وﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﯿﯿﺰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ‬
.‫اﻟﺘﻘﺎﺿﻲ أﻣﺎم ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻢ‬
‫أھﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺨﺎص وﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق‬
‫ ﻟﻌﺐ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬،‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪار اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻟﻠﻌﺮاق‬
‫اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻲ دوراً ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺎً ﻓﻲ اﻹﺷﺮاف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﻤﯿﺔ اﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎد‬
‫ إﻟﻰ ﻋﺎم‬1958 ‫ وﺧﻼل اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﻤﻤﺘﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎم‬.‫اﻟﻮطﻨﻲ‬
‫ ﻛﺎن ھﻨﺎك إﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻮازن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮازﻧﺔ‬،2003
‫ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﻨﻔﻄﯿﺔ‬،‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺪوﻟﺔ‬
‫ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻤﻮﯾﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﯾﻊ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿﺔ‬،‫إﻋﺘﻤﺎداً ﺷﺒﮫ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬