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there is an agreement or practice ‫ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬40 ‫ ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻲ رﻗﻢ‬.2
providing otherwise.”
2. Iraqi Civil Law No. 40 of 1951
provides a set of rules on addressing
conflict of laws in terms of time and
place. These rules are outlined in
Articles 10 to 33 of the Iraqi Civil Law.
An example of a conflict of laws rule
pertaining to time is provided in Article
10, which states that a “law is not
enforceable until it goes into effect, and
is not retroactive unless the new law
states otherwise or is related to Public
Order and Decency Laws.” Another
example of a conflict of laws rule
pertaining to place is addressed in
Article 26, which provides that the
“makeup of contracts is subject to the
laws of the State in which they were
concluded.” To ensure enforceability of
a contract, drafters must be very
familiar with these rules before
selecting them.
3. The Iraqi Law of Civil Procedures No.
83 of 1969 covers arbitration in Articles
251 to 276. Article 251 states that: “An
agreement on arbitration is allowed in a
particular dispute; an agreement on
arbitration is also allowed in all
disputes arising from implementing a
specific contract.”
When a dispute arises concerning an
investment contract in Iraq, an Iraqi judge
will first apply the National Investment Law
and all regulations and instructions
promulgated thereunder as the primary law.
If the National Investment Law is silent on a
particular legal issue, the judge may resolve
the issue through other relevant laws, such as
Civil Law No. 40 of 1951, the Trade Law
No. 30 of 1984, the Companies Law No. 21
of 1997 etc.
9
‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺘﻨﺎزع‬1951
‫ وھﺬا ﻣﺎ‬.‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن واﻟﻤﻜﺎن‬
‫ ﻣﻦ ھﺬا‬33 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬10 ‫ﻧﺼﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻣﻦ‬
‫ وﻣﺜﺎل ﺗﻨﺎزع اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‬.‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬
‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺎء ﻓﯿﮭﺎ "ﻻ‬10 ‫ﻧﺺ اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
‫ ﻓﻼ‬،ً‫ﯾُﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن إﻻ ﻣﻦ وﻗﺖ ﺻﯿﺮورﺗﮫ ﻧﺎﻓﺬا‬
‫ﯾﺴﺮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ إﻻ إذا وﺟﺪ ﻧﺺ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﯾﻘﻀﻲ ﺑﻐﯿﺮ ذﻟﻚ أو ﻛﺎن‬
".‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎً ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻌﺎم أو اﻵداب‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل آﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﺗﻨﺎزع اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺎء ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬26 ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎن ﻧﺺ اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
‫"ﺗﺨﻀﻊ اﻟﻌﻘﻮد ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻠﮭﺎ ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺖ‬
‫" وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻜﻮن ﺻﺎﺋﻐﻮ اﻟﻌﻘﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬
‫إطﻼع ﺑﮭﺬه اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ إﺧﺘﯿﺎرھﺎ ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺎً ﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬
.‫اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬
83 ‫ ﻧﺺ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﺪﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻲ رﻗﻢ‬.3
‫ إﻟﻰ‬251 ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﯿﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮاد‬1969 ‫ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ أن "ﯾﺠﻮز‬251 ‫ ﺣﯿﺚ ﻧﺼﺖ اﻟﻤﺎدة‬،276
‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﺠﻮز‬،‫اﻹﺗﻔﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﯿﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺰاع ﻣﻌﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻹﺗﻔﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﯿﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﻨﺎزﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ‬
".‫ﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ‬
،‫وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺰاع ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻌﻘﺪ إﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎري ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق‬
‫ﯾﻄﺒﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻲ رﻗﻢ‬
‫ اﻟﻤﻌ ّﺪل ﻣﻊ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻤﺎت‬2006 ‫ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬13
‫ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ‬.‫اﻟﺼﺎدرة ﺑﻤﻮﺟﺒﮫ‬
‫ ﻓﺈن ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺣﻞ‬،‫ﺧﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم ھﺬا اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬
،‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺠﻮء إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﻷﺧﺮى ذات اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ أو ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة‬،1951 ‫ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬40 ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ رﻗﻢ‬
‫ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬21 ‫ أو ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت رﻗﻢ‬1984 ‫ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬30 ‫رﻗﻢ‬
.‫ إﻟﺦ‬،1997