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SECTION II :اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ
INTERNATIONAL ﻋﻘﻮد اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر اﻟﺪوﻟﯿﺔ
INVESTMENT
CONTRACTS ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
"اﻟﻌﻘﺪ اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎري" ﻓﻲ ظﺎھﺮه ھﻮ ﺑﺒﺴﺎطﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ
Introduction اﻹﺗﻔﺎﻗﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ طﺮﻓﺎن )أو أﻛﺜﺮ( ﻓﻲ ﻣﺸﺮوع
ﻟﻜﻦ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺗﻜﺘﻨﻔﮫ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ دﻗﯿﻘﺔ.إﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎري ﻣﻌﯿﻦ
On its face, an “investment contract” is ﻓﮭﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ.ﻛﺜﯿﺮة
simply a list of agreements in which two اﻷطﺮاف اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻈﻢ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﮭﺎ وإﻟﺘﺰاﻣﺎﺗﮭﺎ وﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺗﮭﺎ ﺗﺠﺎه
(or more) parties have entered into for a
particular investment. However, such a .ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺪى اﻟﺒﻌﯿﺪ
contract is more nuanced: it is a specific set
of rules between the parties, which governs ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن،وﺗﻮﺟﺪ أﯾﻀﺎً ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ أﻗﺮﺗﮭﺎ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ
the relationship between the parties, each of اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻲ اﻟﺬي ﯾﻨﻈﻢ اﻷﺣﻜﺎم واﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ
their respective obligations to the other and ﻟﻺﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر ﻓﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق ﺑﺈﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﻗﻄﺎع
the expectations of each other going far إﺳﺘﺨﺮاج وإﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻨﻔﻂ اﻟﺨﺎم وﻗﻄﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺎرف واﻟﺘﺄﻣﯿﻦ
into the future. ﺗﻮﺟﺪ، ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ.واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻈﻤﮭﺎ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﻌﺎت أﺧﺮى
ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻛﺜﯿﺮة ﻻ ﺗﻐﻄﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ أو ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮن
There are also government-enacted public وﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺺ وﻻ.واﺿﺤﺔ ﺑﺸﺄﻧﮭﺎ
laws – such as the National Investment ﻟﻜﻦ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ أطﺮاف اﻟﻌﻘﺪ.ﺗﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ
Law – that govern the general provisions اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎري أن ﯾﺘﺄﻛﺪوا ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻢ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﯾﻐﻄﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ
and procedures for investing in all sectors
in Iraq, except for the extraction and .اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ واﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﮭﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻸطﺮاف اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﺪ
production of crude oil and the banking and
insurance sectors, which are covered by ﻓﺈن اﻟﺘﻔﺎوض ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺪ إﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ وواﺿﺢ،وﻣﻦ ﺛ ّﻢ
other legislation. Additionally, there are وﻓﻌﺎل وﺻﯿﺎﻏﺘﮫ ﯾﺼﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻛﻞ طﺮف ﻣﻦ
many matters, which the public laws do not ﻓﺎﻹﺗﻔﺎق ذو اﻟﺼﯿﺎﻏﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﯾﻤ ّﻜﻦ.أطﺮاف اﻟﻌﻘﺪ
cover or where they are unclear. While an
investor should know what the public laws :اﻷطﺮاف ﻣﻦ
do and do not state, the parties to an
investment contract should make certain
that, between themselves, the contract
covers all the matters and details that are
important to the respective parties to the
investment.
Negotiating and drafting a comprehensive,
clear and effective investment contract is in
the interest of every party to the contract.
Such a well-crafted agreement enables the
parties:
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