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SECTION II :‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

INTERNATIONAL ‫ﻋﻘﻮد اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر اﻟﺪوﻟﯿﺔ‬
INVESTMENT
CONTRACTS ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫"اﻟﻌﻘﺪ اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎري" ﻓﻲ ظﺎھﺮه ھﻮ ﺑﺒﺴﺎطﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
Introduction ‫اﻹﺗﻔﺎﻗﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ طﺮﻓﺎن )أو أﻛﺜﺮ( ﻓﻲ ﻣﺸﺮوع‬
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺗﻜﺘﻨﻔﮫ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ دﻗﯿﻘﺔ‬.‫إﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎري ﻣﻌﯿﻦ‬
On its face, an “investment contract” is ‫ ﻓﮭﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ‬.‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮة‬
simply a list of agreements in which two ‫اﻷطﺮاف اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻈﻢ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﮭﺎ وإﻟﺘﺰاﻣﺎﺗﮭﺎ وﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺗﮭﺎ ﺗﺠﺎه‬
(or more) parties have entered into for a
particular investment. However, such a .‫ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺪى اﻟﺒﻌﯿﺪ‬
contract is more nuanced: it is a specific set
of rules between the parties, which governs ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬،‫وﺗﻮﺟﺪ أﯾﻀﺎً ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ أﻗﺮﺗﮭﺎ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
the relationship between the parties, each of ‫اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻲ اﻟﺬي ﯾﻨﻈﻢ اﻷﺣﻜﺎم واﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
their respective obligations to the other and ‫ﻟﻺﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر ﻓﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق ﺑﺈﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﻗﻄﺎع‬
the expectations of each other going far ‫إﺳﺘﺨﺮاج وإﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻨﻔﻂ اﻟﺨﺎم وﻗﻄﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺎرف واﻟﺘﺄﻣﯿﻦ‬
into the future. ‫ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬،‫ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻈﻤﮭﺎ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﻌﺎت أﺧﺮى‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻛﺜﯿﺮة ﻻ ﺗﻐﻄﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ أو ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮن‬
There are also government-enacted public ‫ وﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺺ وﻻ‬.‫واﺿﺤﺔ ﺑﺸﺄﻧﮭﺎ‬
laws – such as the National Investment ‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ أطﺮاف اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬.‫ﺗﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
Law – that govern the general provisions ‫اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎري أن ﯾﺘﺄﻛﺪوا ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻢ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﯾﻐﻄﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‬
and procedures for investing in all sectors
in Iraq, except for the extraction and .‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ واﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﮭﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻸطﺮاف اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬
production of crude oil and the banking and
insurance sectors, which are covered by ‫ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺘﻔﺎوض ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺪ إﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ وواﺿﺢ‬،‫وﻣﻦ ﺛ ّﻢ‬
other legislation. Additionally, there are ‫وﻓﻌﺎل وﺻﯿﺎﻏﺘﮫ ﯾﺼﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻛﻞ طﺮف ﻣﻦ‬
many matters, which the public laws do not ‫ ﻓﺎﻹﺗﻔﺎق ذو اﻟﺼﯿﺎﻏﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﯾﻤ ّﻜﻦ‬.‫أطﺮاف اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬
cover or where they are unclear. While an
investor should know what the public laws :‫اﻷطﺮاف ﻣﻦ‬
do and do not state, the parties to an
investment contract should make certain
that, between themselves, the contract
covers all the matters and details that are
important to the respective parties to the
investment.

Negotiating and drafting a comprehensive,
clear and effective investment contract is in
the interest of every party to the contract.
Such a well-crafted agreement enables the
parties:

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