Page 29 - Microsoft Word - FINAL COPY - A Legal Guide to Investing in Iraq _12-7-2015_ _6_.docx

• Omit repetition. A contract should not
cover the same point twice or in two
different manners or in two different
places in the contract. Such repetition
can create confusion and lead to
contractual disputes.
• Avoid the passive voice, especially in
stating a party’s obligations. For
example, a provision stating, “obtaining
licenses will be undertaken” should
instead clearly state the party obligated
to undertake such work and the
deadlines and other requirements for
undertaking such work.
• Comprehensive. The contract should
cover all subjects that a party considers
important for the contract – a party
should not assume that an important
matter is “understood” and need not be
specified in writing. This is particularly
important for investment contracts
where many topics may (or may not) be
covered under the law or a separate
investment treaty, such as
expropriation, compensation,
repatriation of capital, insurance,
project expansion, the sale or financing
of an investment project, procedures for
obtaining a license, and dispute
resolution.
Suggestions for Negotiating an
Investment Contract
• Before starting the negotiation, the
investor should be advised on, and
aware of, Iraqi social customs, business
etiquette and cultural/religious
traditions.
• Before starting the negotiation, each
party should identify the interests of the
other party and consider the best
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‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﻻ ﯾﻐﻄﻲ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬.‫ﺣﺬف اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬ •
‫ﻣﺮﺗﯿﻦ أو ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯿﻦ أو ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯿﻦ‬
‫ إذ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﺘﺴﺒﺐ ھﺬا اﻟﺘﻜﺮار ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﺒﺲ‬.‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬
.‫أو ﯾﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﻧﺰاﻋﺎت ﺗﻌﺎﻗﺪﯾﺔ‬
‫ وﻻﺳﯿﻤﺎ‬،‫ﺗﺠﻨﺐ إﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل أﺳﻠﻮب اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل‬ •
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ‬.‫ﻓﻲ ﺑﯿﺎن إﻟﺘﺰاﻣﺎت طﺮف ﻣﻦ اﻷطﺮاف‬
‫ أن ﯾﻨﺺ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ أن "اﻹﺟﺎزات ﺳﻮف ﯾﺘﻢ‬،‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫ ﻓﺒﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾُﺤ ّﺪد اﻟﻄﺮف‬."‫إﺻﺪارھﺎ‬
،‫اﻟﺬي ﺳﯿﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎھﻠﮫ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﯿﺎم ﺑﮭﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
.‫ وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻘﯿﺎم ﺑﮭﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬،‫واﻟﻤﮭﻞ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬
‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻐﻄﻲ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاﺿﯿﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ‬.‫اﻟﺸﻤﻮﻟﯿﺔ‬ •
‫ ﻓﻼ ﯾﺠﺐ‬.‫ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮھﺎ طﺮف ﻣﻦ اﻷطﺮاف ﻣﮭﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺪ‬
‫أن ﯾﻔﺘﺮض طﺮف ﻣﻦ اﻷطﺮاف أن ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﮭﻤﺔ‬
‫ وھﺬه اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬.‫"ﻣﻔﮭﻮﻣﺔ" وﻻ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪھﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻣﮭﻤﺔ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﻮد اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن‬
(‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﻮاﺿﯿﻊ ﻛﺜﯿﺮة ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻟﺔ )أو ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﺰع‬،‫ﺑﻘﺎﻧﻮن أو ﻣﻌﺎھﺪة إﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬
،‫ وإﻋﺎدة ﺗﻮطﯿﻦ رأس اﻟﻤﺎل‬،‫ واﻟﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ‬،‫اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫ وﺑﯿﻊ أو ﺗﻤﻮﯾﻞ‬،‫ وﺗﻮﺳﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬،‫واﻟﺘﺄﻣﯿﻦ‬
‫ واﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر‬
‫ وذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻻ‬،‫ وﺣﻞ اﻟﻨﺰاع‬،‫اﻹﺟﺎزة‬
.‫اﻟﺤﺼﺮ‬
‫إﻗﺘﺮاﺣﺎت ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎوض ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺪ اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر‬
‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﺤﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ‬،‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺪء ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻔﺎوﺿﺎت‬ •
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺼﺢ واﻟﻤﺸﻮرة ﺑﺸﺄن اﻟﻌﺎدات واﻷﻋﺮاف‬
‫ واﻟﺘﻘﺎﻟﯿﺪ‬،‫اﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﯿﺔ وآداب اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﺎري‬
.‫ و اﻟﺪﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬/‫اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﯿﺔ أو‬
‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﺘﻌﺮف ﻛﻞ طﺮف‬،‫• ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺪء ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻔﺎوﺿﺎت‬
‫ وأن ﯾﻔﻜﺮ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻰ إھﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎت وﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﻟﻄﺮف اﻵﺧﺮ‬
‫ وﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن‬.‫ﻓﻲ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﺤﻠﻮل ﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬